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Discovering the Flavor and Beauty of Vietnam’s UNESCO Sites

A golden sunrise illuminated the Old Quarter’s ancient dwellings draped in fuchsia bougainvilleas. It also lit the Thu Bon River, where the small fishing boats had just pulled up to shore. It was 5:30 a.m. as I approached the central marketplace, where I experienced the tastes, sounds, and energy—the real life of the local people. Vietnam’s gem-city of Hoi An was just awakening.

Greeting the Day

ISLAND MAGIC: The dramatic setting of Halong Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. (Beverly Mann)

Women in conical straw hats with bright smiles balanced long poles over their shoulders. Their poles were heavy with hanging baskets stuffed with vegetables, fish, and even live geese, as they scurried along the dirt pathways. The endless array of baskets filled with herbs covered the ground in a blanket of greenery, while pungent fish and spice aromas permeated the air.

I stopped and tasted a small, spiny chom chom, or rambuten, similar in sweetness to a lychee, proffered by an old woman sitting cross-legged on the ground surrounded by exotic fruits.

RAPTUROUS SIGHT: A beautiful sunset makes for a lovely evening display of Halong Bay which features limestone islands, grottoes, and caves. (Beverly Mann)

By 6:30 a.m., all was quiet as the fishing boats pulled out and the larger vessels, piled with motorbikes, entered the shoreline. Before the town fully awoke, I strolled along Bach Dang Street in view of the Japanese Covered Bridge (circa 1593), replete with a roof and temple. According to legend, the bridge began the Year of the Monkey and was completed in the Year of the Dog, so forms of each of these animals are on opposite sides to guard the bridge.

To Market, to Market

Hoi An is a shopping mecca, with tailor shops lining the narrow streets from Tran Hang Dao Street to Le Loi, and everywhere in between. Some people brought photos and designs of clothes to be made, since custom-made clothing is so inexpensive and can be ready within 24 hours or less.

GREETINGS! A lovely smile accompanies the vegetable wares at the Hoi An market. (Beverly Mann)

The city showcases not only clothing shops but also an array of art galleries, cafés, and high-quality restaurants. Ly Café 22, run by chef/owner Miss Ly, serves unforgettable fried rice, which has lingered on my taste buds since. Another favorite local dish, White Rose, consists of steamed shrimp wrapped like a flower in rice paper.

Other dishes that I enjoyed were Cau Lau, a thick, rice noodle soup topped with sprouts and pork; and Com Ga, a rice dish with steamed chicken and fresh herbs. The Cargo Club, a French-style patisserie, was a place where I ruminated over a foamy latté and luscious pastry. For ale lovers, most beers are 50 cents or ,000 dongs.

National Treasures

PEACEFUL PLATE: Vegetables intricately carved to look like a lotus flower were presented on the boat in Halong Bay. (Beverly Mann)

Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site situated in Central Vietnam, Hoi An was once a popular trading port as early as the 17th century. Vestiges of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, and French cultures are still evident amid the colorful architecture of this relatively calm enclave.

I caught a glimpse of the city at a good time, devoid of racing motorbikes, which are restricted several days and hours a week. What a relief, since the country has about 24 million of these bikes zooming throughout its cities.

Hoi An was just one stop on my 10-day, small-group journey of the historic sites of Vietnam from Hanoi to Saigon. The tour was organized by eco- and socially-conscious Travel Indochina, experts in Asian travel exploring the history, culture, natural beauty, and people of this area.

DELICATE ART: Women engaging in the revitalized art of traditional Vietnamese silk embroidery at XQ Co Do in Hue. (Beverly Mann)

Our next venture was a four-hour drive along the Hai Van Pass on the National Highway to another UNESCO Site, Hue, once the capital during the Ngugen dynasty in the 19th century. We traveled along the scenic Pacific coastline reminiscent of California’s Big Sur, with bold mountain ranges wrapping around the waters. The difference, however, was the farmlands riddled with rice paddies, accented by colorful lotus flowers, and boys on buffalos posing along the roadside.

We made a stop 30 minutes from Hoi An, just south of Danang, at the towering Marble Mountains, where we climbed some 200 steps up a stone and marble stairway (a bit slippery going down). A larger-than-life Buddha and female Buddha (the Goddess of Mercy) awaited us amid the strong scent of incense that filled the decorated pagodas.

The hidden cave there (once a hospital for the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War) was the most memorable, with a cascade of light shooting through the top opening that created a surreal, mystical effect.

Hue Highlights

SILENT SENTINELS: Stone statues of soldiers stand guard at the Tomb of Khai Dinh in Hue. (Beverly Mann)

We finally arrived at Hue, the sun glistening on the Perfume River, which got its name from the scent of wild ginger blowing in from the forested area nearby.

This city of pagodas, palaces, tombs, and 130 Buddhist temples survived destruction from conflicts with the French and the United States. The moated citadel, built in 1804, has maintained its beauty despite the ravages of war.

QUIETUDE: A woman briefly relaxes at a market in Hoi An. (Beverly Mann)

We walked through the ceremonial halls, garden areas, and in front of the Forbidden City, once reserved for the privacy of the emperor but now open to the public. Our next stop was the Tomb of Tu Duc alongside a lake with lily pads. Yet, the most impressive site was the Tomb of Khai Dinh, named after its emperor in the 1900s, which had an awesome sculptured stairway and a courtyard full of stone soldiers guarding the tomb.

The afternoon sightseeing ended with lunch at Mandarin Café on Hung Vuong Street, just a few blocks from our hotel and the river. The owner, Mr. Cu, is also an accomplished photographer who sells his postcards to visitors. I couldn’t resist a handful.

As I walked back to the hotel, I discovered a cultural center, XQ Co Do (established April 1994), where young girls were demonstrating the revitalized art of Vietnamese silk embroidery. I then relaxed at a spa adjacent to the Huong Giang Hotel with an hour’s worth of full leg and foot massage for a mere .00.

After Hue, we flew to Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital, where the city was celebrating its 1,000-year birthday. The city touts lots of history, from the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum where the body of the former communist leader resides, the nearby Presidential Palace, and Ho Chi Minh Museum, to the 12th century Confucian Temple of Literature, Vietnam’s first university—all surrounded by some of the country’s most stunning French colonial architecture.

Hanoi has six million people and a swarm of three million motor bikes, which I had to skirt constantly while saying many prayers!

The Beauty of Halong Bay

The wooden junk, Indochina Sails, glides past limestone islands jutting from emerald waters in Halong Bay. (Beverly Mann)

The highlight of my journey through the historic cities of Vietnam was the UNESCO Site and natural wonder of Halong Bay in the Gulf of Tonkin. Just a four-hour drive east of the capital city of Hanoi, Halong Bay drew me into a magical setting of 3,000 limestone islands, formed from sea deposits millions of years ago, jutting out of emerald waters. However, legend tells how a dragon’s flailing tail carved out these magnificent islets.

Our group stayed overnight on a junk, or large wooden boat, which appeared to glide along the bay as we relaxed on board while viewing awesome grottoes and caves. As we toured through one cave, I was amazed by the massive stalactites carved by the water over millions of years and the spaciousness of the tunnels, which made this cave appear more like a fantasy underworld—a la “Raiders of the Lost Ark.”

DECKSIDE REPOSE: Members of the tour group relax on the ship in Halong Bay. (Beverly Mann)

Later, the group donned bathing suits and joyfully jumped into the cool, clear waters as a relief from the heat.

During the next morning’s breakfast, I savored the fresh, sweet taste of pineapple and papaya on my palate, which was enough to energize me for the return trip back to Hanoi.

As I gazed out at the diamond-sparkling waters, I realized how grateful I was to be far away from any remembrances of war, the whizzing of motor bikes, and the frenetic city life. All was so peaceful and calm amid Mother Nature’s creative sculptures and landscape.

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Nighttime Deepsea Fishing Tips

Deep sea fishing is an enjoyed activity by many. The sun, sea and the adrenaline of adventure makes a perfect day for such kind of activity. However, for very experienced fishermen, they would advice you that if you really want to get a good catch, it would be best for you to start fishing 2 hours after sunset or 2 hours even before sunrise.

This is why most experienced fishermen would rather have a night trip than a day trip. However, due to the difference of environment during night fishing, if you are new to this kind of setting, then there are certain things that you should know to make your night trip a successful one.

Getting Started

Although it may seem difficult, waking up in the wee hours of the day is still possible. Additionally, you can always get the help of an alarm clock to be your wake-up call. There are some other preparations too that should be done other than being able to wake up, like preparing your bait.

It would be the best if you have already set up everything you need and have some wet-bait ready even half an hour before sun rise. It is important to remember that anchoring and cooking the bait should be finished by the time sunset arrives. This is due to the reason that cooking through your night fishing could be very dangerous. Plus, your bait should be able to cool off before you can use it.

The Logic Behind It

The logic behind all these waking up early and preparations is that fish usually feed shallower around times like this. Thus, they are easier to catch, since they’re only about 30 feet below the water’s surface. In fact, according to experts, twilight minutes are very productive especially if you’re fishing for a living.

Where’s The Light At?

If you really want to have good results at the fastest time possible, whether it be you are fishing in fresh or salt water, try fishing around piers, which have some lights. This is because fish are very attracted to light beams that pass through the water surface in different sea depths. In general, fishing excursions usually have a very happy ending when held around lights on piers or buoys.

Use Something Large

It is also important that you use very large dry or wet flies, nymphs, and oversized streamers, if you are really interested in getting a lot of catch of those active feeders out there.

In fact, night-feeding can be easier for you when your bait is that large enough for the fish to locate. Additionally, you should remember to draw your baits gradually along the surface of the water with a jerking motion. Doing this would help attract some trout. Nevertheless, you should also bring some extra live bait and always keep the lure inside your water or boat, safely contained.

See The Signs

During night fishing, you should always try to be on guard for some signs that feeding fish are in the area. Take note that at this time, you’ll be able to hear them feeding themselves even before you see their splashes or swirls in the water. Don’t forget to chuck in your lure, as soon as possible and once you hear them breaking the surface, into the spot that you think they are in.

Additionally, you should try making repeated casts anywhere that you think they may be circulating, since fish have some trouble in locating lures during the night.

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General Fishing Tips

Here are some general fishing tips that we hope you will find useful. Remember, when it comes to fishing, learning from the tips of others and their experiences is essential in becoming a pro angler. Always allow your general knowledge of the sport to grow and you can only prosper from it.

Try to use Attractor Beads, Luminous Tube, and flashy things on your rig near the hook to help attract fish to your bait.

If you know that snapper or other large bitey fish are being caught in your area at the time, use strong rigs and put some protective tubing on your trace near the hook to help avoid being bitten off.

When going out on your fishing trip, take a variety of bait with you. Usually pilchards, bonito, trevally and mackerel work well.

Autumn is a great time of year to get out and go fishing. The fish are in much closer, the weather is more settled and the fish are hungry.

Make sure you have no scratches or nicks on your guides by rubbing a cotton bud around and inside your guides.

A tip from the experts: use a new rig every time you go on a fishing expedition.

A great tip for trout fishing is to put powerbait on your hook, and then dip it in garlic oil for a few seconds before you cast it.

On smaller plugs the middle hook is sometimes too small to do a good job so try replacing the middle hook with another one a size or two larger.

Keep a fishing journal and record the day’s temperature and how well you did at what spot.

Spring is the best time of year to go bass fishing, when fish move into shallow water to spawn.

After a cold front passes, go fishing under a dock. The underwater structure will provide safety for the fish, and that’s where they hide.

After heavy rain, most streams and rivers turn muddy. At that point, head to the nearest dam. Water flowing over the dam is usually clear water and the fishing there may save an otherwise dismal day.

Fishing Tips

Replacing Broken Sea Fishing Tackle – DIY Style

If your sea fishing tackle gets broken because of constant wearing and tearing, you can repair it by yourself. It is simple and easy, and it can save you some money.

Just like anything else, sea fishing tackle can be worn down when you use it constantly, no matter how well you take care of it. So, when the guides on your fishing rod get detached or the tip breaks off, your choice is either to replace whichever part is broken or to buy a new rod. However, brand new sea fishing tackle can be a bit costly these days, so if your rod is not completely damaged, you should just replace what parts are broken and have it repaired.

Replacing a detached rod guide or repairing a rod tip is simple enough to do on your own. Thus, if you want to save some money on repairing your fishing rod, just buy the materials that you need and do the repairing yourself.

How to Replace Rod Guides

To replace the rod guides on your sea fishing tackle, you would need to buy new rod guides from your local sporting shop. Make sure that the guides you get are the same size as the ones you would be replacing.

To get this done, you would need to remove all the old threads that had held the rod guides on your tackle. And then, attach the new guides by wrapping new rod thread around the foot of the guide and the rod itself. Afterwards, you dab upon it a healthy coating of epoxy glue. Even clear nail polish can work if you do not have epoxy glue available at home.

How to Replace Rod Tips

As it is with broken rod guides, it would be necessary for you to buy a new rod tip in order to replace the one that was broken off your sea fishing tackle. Again, you can get it from your local sporting shop; just be sure that your new rod tip will be able to fit the hole on your fishing rod.

Once you have your new rod tip, roughen its surface with sandpaper in order to make gluing it a lot easier. So you can be certain that your new tip will hold on your fishing rod, scrape away the old threads and old glue that held your old tip on your rod.

After you are done with working on the tip and the rod, get a stick of ferrule cement and melt it down. Swab the melted ferrule cement on both the tip and the rod and then glue the parts of your sea fishing tackle together. Be sure that these two parts are aligned correctly before the glue becomes dry.

If DIY Is Not Your Style

Replacing the broken parts of your sea fishing tackle is simple enough to do on your own. It is also a good way of saving a few dollars on the necessary repairs that you need to do to keep your fishing rod in good working order. However, if do-it-yourself is not your style, you can always take your sea fishing tackle to your local repair shop and shell out a few quid to get these repairs done.

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A Question of Evolution

A

Question

Of

Evolution

A Question Of Evolution
by Howard Robinson Copyright © 01 July 2010
 
CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION
THE BASIC THEORY

Section 1 What does Evolution say and what does that mean

Section 2 What does Evolution explain?

Section 3 What does Evolution not explain, then?

SCIENCE AND EVOLUTION Questions from science

Section 4 Hasn’t science disproved creation?

Section 5 Where does it all start with a single cell?

Section 6 What about natural selection?

Section 7 Genetics – why did this use to cause the evolutionists such problems?

Section 8 Genetic feedback.

Section 9 Bacteria and viruses

BASIC QUESTIONS? Questions from nature

Section 10 If evolution is true why are there still ‘un-evolved’ single-celled creatures?

What is Nature?

Section 11 What came first – the woodpecker or the oak? What about the grubs it eats:

Section 12 Why so many diverse species?

Section 13What about air breathing water dwellers like whales and dolphins?

Section 14 What evolutionary good does fruit do the plant?

Section,15 Why is everything subject to disease, death and decay?

Section 16 Why doesn’t Evolution explain instinct?

Section 17 Does Evolution explain ‘fail safes’?

FOR THE RECORD Questions from the fossil record

Section 18 What really caused the fossil record?

Section 19 Why is there coal at the south pole?

HUMAN EVOLUTION?

Section 20 Could a single cell become a human?

Section 21 Why did we evolve emotions?

Section 22Why are we here?

Section 23 Why do different ethnic groups have the same blood types?

Section 24 Why religion?

Section 25 Why morals?

Section 26 Why do we age?

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

My first question is simply this: Is evolution true?

My second question is similar to this: Is it true science?

In writing this, I realise that many other people have already had a great deal to say.

However, I found myself coming up with what I thought to be original ideas, without reference to the work of others, and I have tried to continue in this way and not re-iterate what I have read and heard on the subject already. All my references and quotations are from my reading of the Penguin publication “On Natural Selection”.

If the theory of evolution is true then it must fit the facts and should stand up to questioning by them. So, what are the facts and how am I questioning evolution about them?

Well, in brief, the facts are the complexity of life, the great diversity of life forms and the fossil record. My question, simply put is, “How does evolution explain these?”

The trouble with most evolutionists is they seem to start with the way things are, assume it must have evolved to that, work backwards and somehow replay it forwards again as though it was fact.

I only ask the reader to honestly weigh my questions and try to match my answers with the facts they know of and to be fair and impartial in weighing my answers and observations.

Evolution, as a theory, has a lot of gaps, not just missing links, which are woefully absent, I may add!

Finally, I don’t claim a monopoly on the truth. I do have a lot of questions, though, as you’ll see and I’ve done my best to look for answers.

THE BASIC THEORY
Section 1
What does Evolution say and what does that mean?

On the front cover of the book, ‘On Natural Selection’, we read:

“From so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.”

This is the essence of the theory. It’s rather ‘dreamy’ don’t you think? You almost expect the book to end something like, ‘and they all evolved happily ever after’.

The definition of natural selection: (Page 20 – 21 of On Natural Selection) is:

The ‘preservation of favourable variations and the rejection of injurious variations’.

There is here the basic assumption that there are many favourable variations which little by little over millions of generations produce a new and improved species. There is no evidence given for this, nor can any of the evolutionists come up with any, it seems. The observable facts are plain that there are adaptations but there are very few favourable variations (mutations). 999 out of every 1000 mutations are very “injurious” and the other one is pretty harmful.  The most common mutations are genetic defects and none of these is ever favourable.

As an interesting aside, Darwin quotes the calculations of Linnaeus. These tell him that ‘if an annual plant produced only two seeds’ – and there is no plant so unproductive as this – ‘and their seedlings next year produced two, and so on, then in twenty years there would be a million plants’. What Darwin doesn’t seem to see, is that Linnaeus’s calculations and any population growth calculations make his theories of tens of thousands of generations over millions of years (for even minor evolution) extremely improbable because of the vast numbers of offspring that would be generated, even with predatory and food source limitations.

So what about natural selection? This does not evidence or prove evolution. It is clear that natural selection does occur but this does not change a species, it only improves a species by adaptation within a range of possibilities pre-programmed into its DNA code. As all DNA codes are vast, so there are a large number of possible variations for a species. Some of these are available from human breeding and cross breeding. Examples of variations of a species range from apples to human beings.

Section 2
What does Evolution explain?

The theory explains natural selection and nothing else. The survival of the fittest is seen in nature, though fortunately not seen in human morality.

Evolution attempts to explain the diversity of life and the fossil record but these are assumptions and not explanations.

However, to take the premise that evolutionis the explanation for how things are, the theory needs to address the facts and be questioned on them.

Rather, what explanations does evolution propose? It puts forward some rather fanciful explanations and despite some very strong and assertive claims, no real evidence can be found. For instance, it claims that all mammals descended from an extinct reptile ancestor. Where is the fossil evidence of this ancestor? No transitional fossils can be found.

Section 3
What does Evolution not explain, then?

It does not explain why life began and how it survived. If the proposed first, single-celled, organism is the missing ancestor to everything, Evolution does not explain or even consider how it lived at all.

My point here is, that all Food Chains, we are told, begin with plants. Since this organism was the supposed ancestor of plants and animals, how did it live? What gave it the food to survive and breed?

Maybe it fed on itself for a few billion years until it evolved? Like Pizza the Hut in Spaceballs it ate itself? I’m sorry. I’m being facetious.

The problem of spontaneous generation of life from dead things is hard enough to believe but would it survive? Remember, just because it is a single celled organism it does not mean simplicity. To survive and reproduce a great deal is needed. It needs a ‘skin’ a membrane. It needs a way to eat – a mouth, and a double DNA helix so it can divide and multiply. These things are not probable even with the vast time scales that have been brought into the theory and remember these timescales are far from proved. Even carbon dating can be erroneous because it depends on the amount of carbon 14 in the world staying absolutely constant.

Evolution does not explain why about half of the fossils found are of animals living today and virtually the same now as when fossilised.

Evolution doesn’t explain why it takes millions of years to make fossils, when we now know that it only took about 50 years after a flood at a river delta.

It doesn’t explain why the remains of whole animals are intact. In normal deaths, animals decay to bones, other animals eat or chew or move the bones or the wind and weather move things. Fossils are more consistent with rapid burial and are found in sedimentary rock, so a sudden catastrophe such as a flood is a likely cause. Also, in a flood the simpler marine animals would be buried lower down and the higher animals would be able to swim and survive longer so we would see the sort of stratification of so called ‘lower’ and ‘higher’ animals which, if this were the cause, has been falsely assumed and taught to be millions of years of evolution, rather than a brief large scale flood or catastrophe.

It doesn’t explain the diversity of life – if around for so long then the most advanced and durable would be in vast numbers and would naturally overwhelm everything else, so we would only see the few most advanced species.

Biologists will tell us of Food Chains or Food Cycles. These mean that all the organisms in the food chain had to evolve andappear simultaneously. This is extremely unlikely.

Food chains work so well. What happened before? Evolution doesn’t explain food chains or interdependence of species very well. They would all have to dovetail perfectly, at once by accident and by co-incidence! I’m not a statistician, but the odds must be near or at impossible, no matter how long you give it. Take, for example, the humble bee and red clover given by Darwin (pg 14 of On Natural Selection). In Darwin’s opinion, they are so dependant that red clover or heartease, would disappear or become very rare without the bees. These bees, in turn, are affected by mice that destroy their nests. The mice are dependant on the number of cats that destroy the mice. So, the number of cats, mice and bees in an area could affect the wild flowers! (Darwin On Natural Selection pg 14 again).

Flowers on plants and insects would have to evolve at the same time: 1) to pollinate the flowers; 2) to feed the insects with nectar from flowers.

I suppose that insects such as moths and butterflies could have eaten other things before there were flowers, but if they follow the same pattern of other insects this is unlikely. This coincidence or confluence of flowers and insects could have come about by accident, but this is not evolution. It is highly improbable though. Insects could have evolved over thousands of years to eat nectar but this has two problems. First the flowers would not be pollinated so the plants would die out. Second, without the equipment to reach and harvest nectar how would they know it was there for them to eat so why would they evolve this way?

Flowers pollinated by insects implies intelligence, planning and design that plants and insects clearly don’t have. Clearly, there are some genetic advantages in being pollinated by other plants, but would a plant evolve to be dependant on insects? We know that certain fruits and other plants are self-fertile, why aren’t all flowers self-pollinating? Are self-pollinating species less evolved or more evolved, if evolution is true?. We still have the quandary that the choice to be pollinated by an insect is way beyond the intelligence of a plant.

Evolution does not explain the Bumble bee. According to science it should not be able to fly. It is thus highly improbable that it would evolve to be this way.

Evolution does not explain how animals such as penguins and walrus survived until they ‘evolved’ their fat layers and tolerance to extreme cold. It does not explain why they would choose a cold climate in the first place. If it is a question of finding themselves trapped in an arctic environment which forced them to “evolve” then they would have died before this could have happened.

Evolution doesn’t explain plant or animal hibernation and autumn events. Take plants and trees in winter. How did they develop dormancy and how did they survive until they did?

Evolution doesn’t explain ageing. Surely organisms would evolve to live longer and longer so they can pass on their genes to a greater extent.

Evolution would expect that we genetically pass on knowledge and wisdom. We don’t. History repeats itself even when it has been written down first!! We don’t pass on information although this is a mainstay of evolution theory and explanations for eg instinct. It takes less actual “faith” to believe that instincts are programmed in rather than they just happened to be just right by sheer chance.

Evolution does not explain how characteristics and changes are inherited. Darwin clearly had no knowledge of genetics and the constrictions which that places upon the inheritance of organisms.

SCIENCE AND EVOLUTION
Section 4
Hasn’t science disproved creation?

While many biologists would present evolution as a scientific fact, this is merely bad science because it goes against the scientific method. A theory must fit the facts but there is no evidence for the theory of evolution. There are no fossils between species and no transitions in the fossil record. Distinct, separate species are all that are found.

Science can not disprove creation just as much as science can not prove evolution.

What about dinosaurs? What does evolution say? We are expected to believe that a minute single celled organism over vast time periods became huge creatures containing millions of cells.

Science can not tell us accurately how life began. Even our best science has been unable after many attempts to create life or anything even near it. A few amino acids are all they have got. This has been done in a highly reducing atmosphere with no oxygen because oxygen would break down the desired products. There is no evidence or actual science to say this sort of atmosphere ever existed. Furthermore, if it was so, where has all the oxygen come from? Our present atmosphere is in equilibrium maintaining the same ratio of gases. This is adequate reason to expect that this has always been the case with 19% oxygen.If the so called first living things were a factory with walls and stairs and floors containing furniture, machines and people operating them, the best we have ever done would be equivalent to a few empty cardboard boxes. Also, the chemistry of DNA is against formation in water from amino acids. Amino acids will not form DNA in water because DNA formation requires condensation (loss of water) not hydration (the opposite, gaining molecules from water).

How can we think this all happened by accident? Life, even in a single cell, is highly organised and things don’t get organised without intelligent intervention. Take your kitchen or bedroom as an example. Without determined effort and intelligent intervention (you) it will become more and more messed and untidy.

Another thing, the proposed early earth environment of ammonia, lightning, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide would be toxic to most life forms, so would ‘it’ have a chance to survive even if it did the impossible to become alive?

But hasn’t science disproved creation? Isn’t creation unscientific? No! True science is concerned with the how. Creation is concerned with the why. The two things are quite different and mutually exclusive so we can’t compare one against the other.

Science can’t begin to search for the answers to ‘why’? Creation isn’t concerned with how at all. To say that the universe and all life was designed by a powerful being can’t be proved or disproved but if even put forward as a theory it does fit what we observe, unlike evolution with its missing links and ridiculous time periods.

What about the Big Bang? The Big Bang theory can not tell us what happened initially. Creation helps to answer the question of ‘where did all the matter in the universe come from’? It would take energy against gravitational forces to explode the matter apart. Where did that energy come from? The best theory at the moment is that there was a singularity at the beginning of the universe, where none of the laws of physics apply. For the amount of matter in our universe to be condensed in a small volume, gravitation would produce a black hole singularity. Since black holes don’t explode, then there can be no Big Bang. I’m not saying there was not a Big Bang, but it does not look very probable for this and other reasons. I will say that the Big Bang theory does not exclude God, because there is room for God to set the initial conditions and provide the required energy and matter. We do need to be more careful how we use science. To set science up as some sort of god, arbiter, do-it-all for life and the universe is to take it out of context and out of the bounds where it naturally and quite properly fits.

Section 5
Where does it all start with a single cell?

A single cell organism’s DNA is as complex as multi-celled organism’s.

Development of single celled creatures is amazing as growth hormones switch on and off etc and then aging etc starts happening. Wouldn’t it make more sense evolutionarily if a life form evolved and kept on evolving? But this doesn’t happen. At present we still see a great many very simple organisms; organisms that stay as they are and don’t become more complex.

If the first living thing was a single cell, what did it feed on? Where did bacteria and viruses come from? Where did plants come from? Developing chlorophyll is a very complex thing to expect by accident. If the first single cell was so effective or even able to survive reasonably well why did it need to develop further into plants and animals? What could be the ‘evolutionary pressure’ or driver?

Single-celled creatures have the same number of genes as humans. CHK Apparently frogs have more genes than humans.

Evolutionary biologists are well aware of the high improbability of what they are proposing, which is why they cloud the issue with the smoke screen of incredibly long time periods. But if a thing is statistically impossible, giving it a huge amount of time to happen doesn’t make it any more probable.

Evolution goes against a fundamental law of physics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the disorder of the universe is increasing. How can evolution expect us to believe that the order of life forms increases by accident?

Section 6
What about natural selection? 

“Natural Selection” like “Nature” is apparently given the intelligence and influence of a person. It is clear from Darwin’s accurate and extensive observations that even the slightest aspect of an organism can have a big impact on its life and survival. For example smooth or hairy skin on fruit. To assume, then, that life forms exist, survive and even thrive by accident or by random chance is both naïve and unscientific. As in all evolution theory, the conclusions are arrived at first.

For fish scales, fish gills, ears, eyes and how the brain interprets signals from them there is no way they could develop by random events and mutations i.e. evolution. Therefore they have to say that Nature influenced orcaused it. But what is this other than a mystic made up smoke screen to obscure the need for God? In other words, it is giving “Nature” god like wisdom and powers.

One of the main causes of evolution is said to be mutation. Why, when exposed to radiation or mutagens (carcinogens) don’t we see amazing steps forward in evolution or small steps in natural selection? We don’t. We see weakening, sickness, cancer and often death.

We see some awful mutations. Thalidomide, Downs Syndrome and Spina Bifida to name a few.

I saw a programme on TV about a whole family that had a genetic defect. Even slight exposure to sunlight caused terrible burns. The whole family was prone to cancers. It was found that they all inherited a turned off ‘repair gene’. So UV light caused cell damage and mutations resulting in bad burns and even cancer. If mutation caused improvement, some of them – there were about 20 or more of them – would surely have evolved to some better form. They did not, quite the reverse.

For Evolution to work then the majority of mutations must make favourable variations. In fact 999 out of 1000 are unfavourable and the one in 1000 is pretty awful. This is not enough to make evolution viable.

Why do presumably highly evolved animals become extinct? Surely, their fittest would survive and evolve to exist. (Extinction is part of natural selection theory).

Darwin reckons that due to natural disasters (pg 5-6 of ‘On Natural Selection, edited by Penguin) and the inability to re-populate organisms die out.

What is this ‘Nature’ that Darwin seems to speak of it as some kind of god or power? He presumes that it intelligently puts in all the necessary and complicated checks and balances to keep all the species in equilibrium (CHK).

Darwin observed (last Para, pg 6 On Natural Selection) each species is something so complex even scientists (and hence mankind) are ignorant and this even applies to ourselves. ‘Nature’ must indeed be something! Life and species are hardly a happy accident. What Darwin calls ‘Nature’ fits exactly with the descriptions of God in the Bible.

Darwin describes all life as a struggle. If there is such a struggle for existence, why did some less robust species survive at all? Wouldn’t it be a good idea to evolve our own fur coats if we were Eskimos or if we live in a cold country?

A more scientific approach to organisms and life might be to consider the option that DNA is encoded with so much information and potential for diversity that it each organism is able to adapt to many of the situations and conditions it is likely to come across, not evolve.

In ‘On Natural Selection’ there are lots of subjective ideas and suppositions with no factual evidence. Darwin’s observations, as recorded in ‘On Natural Selection’ are very far reaching, but his conclusions are far from scientific. They are coloured by his worldview of the power and intelligence of Nature and natural processes, which he pre-judges to be in control of and planning for life forms.

It is not science to have a made up mind with set conclusions and then seek to fit your observations to these. To quote from page 26, paragraph 2, “natural selection will be enabled to act on and modify organic beings at any age”. Where is the evidence for this? Darwin is just theorizing and using his imagination. 

Section 7
Genetics – why did this cause the evolutionists such problems?

Maybe because we don’t get mutation or evolution of genes? At least for normal reproduction that results in healthy progeny.

Genetics tells us that the offspring will always have the genes of their parents. I.e. a green pea crossed with a yellow pea gives green, yellow/green and yellow peas in proportion of 1: 2: 1. Some of the peas may have changed colour but they are still peas, not a new organism.

Genetics tells us that the Genesis description that animals reproduce “according to their kind” is accurate. Genetics gives no room whatsoever for evolution from one species to another even by a very gradual process.

Section 8
Genetic Feedback

For Evolution to happen then some sort of genetic feed back must have occurred where the needs of the creature, once it decided how it was going to develop, are fed back to its genes to be passed on to the next generation. This supposes an intelligence and an adaptive ability that no creature on earth has ever demonstrated, not even man.

Section 9
BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

Evolution doesn’t explain bacteria and viruses. It’s not sufficient to say they just evolved. Bacteria and viruses are smaller than single celled creatures. So how did the first single celled organism become a virus or a bacteria? It would have to split or rupture into several smaller parts. This is extremely unlikely.

BASIC QUESTIONS / Questions from nature

Section 10

If evolution is true why are there still ‘un-evolved’ single-celled creatures?

If single celled creatures have been around for many millions of years then why haven’t they evolved? Instead we see many single celled organisms which are very successful with no need to evolve. It could be said that the first single celled creatures evolved into successful single celled creatures and that’s why they are around now. The only problem with this is that such success would make it extremely unlikely for these successes to evolve further into higher animals and eventually you and me.

Section 11
What came first – the woodpecker or the oak? What about the grubs it eats?

What could possibly induce this bird to look inside a tree for grubs? It would have no way of knowing they were there. Its development of a stronger skull and beak would have required a significant change in its DNA program. Before it evolved a stronger beak and skull it would have knocked itself out looking for grubs. What would be the driving force to change so radically anyway – it must have had other food or it would have starved. There is no obvious reason for its evolution.

The woodpecker’s strong, pointed beak acts as both a chisel and a crowbar to remove bark and find hiding insects. It has a very long tongue – up to four inches in some species – with a glue-like substance on the tip for catching insects. While most birds have one toe pointing back and three pointing forward on each foot, woodpeckers have two sharply clawed toes pointing in each direction to help them grasp the sides of trees and balance while they hammer. Many woodpecker species also have stiffened tail feathers, which they press against a tree surface to help support their weight. Again, these attributes would require a significant change in DNA code.

The largest species, the imperial woodpecker of Mexico, is about 22 inches long. It has been listed under the US. Fish and Wildlife Services’ Endangered Species Act since 1970 and may be extinct. The Kogera woodpecker, found in Japan, is the smallest species at six inches in length. Woodpeckers live an average of four to 11 years

Woodpeckers can be found in wooded areas and forests all over the world, except in Australia. Some woodpecker species require very specific conditions for their home. For example, the red-cockaded woodpecker can only live in mature pine forests in the south-eastern United States. Again unlikely from evolution.

Woodpeckers eat a diet of insects, fruit, acorns and nuts.

Woodpeckers are known for tapping on tree trunks in order to find insects living in crevices in the bark and to excavate nest cavities. Some species drum on trees to communicate to other woodpeckers and as a part of their courtship behaviour. Woodpeckers tap an estimated 8,000 to 12,000 times per day. Without the right equipment the woodpecker would simply knock itself out. All this points to design rather than evolution. To say that Nature did this is to give a hypothetical entity god like power and wisdom.

Section 12
Why so many diverse species?

There are about 28 thousand species of fish according to Buzzle.com.

Georgia-Pacific – Educational in Nature says there are more than 4 thousand different types of mammal species live on our planet. The Wikipedia says that there are about 900 thousand different types of insects in the world and that scientists have found approximately 250 thousand different types of plants.

If evolution is true we shouldn’t expect such diversity because there should only be the main highly evolved species. Over the vast time periods quoted by evolutionists there should have been ample opportunity for evolution from lower to higher species, if evolution happens, so there should not be any ‘lower’ species.

 
Section 13
What about air breathing water dwellers like whales and dolphins?

What happened to their gills? Why would they evolve lungs? There is no advantage for it. Wouldn’t they all drown on the way? Where are the remains of their gills?

What about amphibians? If these evolved into land dwellers why are there so many of them today? It’s not good enough to say there was an amphibian ancestor that split two ways – one land dweller and one amphibian. Why would it do this? If there was evolution, surely the higher form would be preferred so there should not be any unevolved amphibians left.

Section 14
What evolutionary good does fruit do the plant?

Why are there bananas and otherfruits? What evolutionary good does it do the plant? In fact producing fruit is a significant drain on top of seed production. Of course some fruits are taken by animals and so spread the seeds. But can we realistically believe that the plants are intelligent enough to know this will happen? This points again to design not evolution.

Section 15
Why is everything subject to disease, death and decay?

Teeth and fruit decay to name but two.

I saw a programme on TV that had an incidental part containing a museum where they photographed the decay of dead reptiles etc. by time lapse. It was fascinating. Disease, death and decay are always with us. Evolution doesn’t explain these. The Bible does.

Section 16
Doesn’t Evolution explain instinct?

Instinct may well be learned by the young. I know of no evidence it is evolutionary, passed on genetically, or from some ‘race consciousness’. However, if an animal is the result of a wise, caring Creator, then it would be given instincts for survival etc.

Why don’t we genetically pass on experience, knowledge and wisdom to our progeny? Clearly, we don’t because history repeats itself even when it’s been written down! This means if we don’t pass on information we know is important, the mainstay of evolution theory and their explanation for instincts has failed.

 
Section 17
Does Evolution explain ‘fail safes’?

Two eyes, ears, nostrils, lungs and kidneys. We can breathe through mouth and nose. We ourselves are not aware most of the time of the need for fail-safes. How could this get programmed in? Why don’t we see creatures with one eye, one ear, one lung, one nostril etc? Again we see design, not evolution.

I
FOR THE RECORD! Questions from the record
Section 18
What really caused the fossil record?

Evolution will tell us that the fossil record was laid down naturally over many millions of years and that the earlier evolved species are to be found in the lower strata.  It has been found at a river delta that the same strata have been formed over 50 years. The rock in which we see fossils is sedimentary. These rocks could have been formed over millions of years. They could also have been formed by a river or the sea or even a flood. A rapid flood is far more likely since we find whole animals such as have been overcome and buried swiftly.

There is also a case, I am told, that the classical fossil record does not occur widely but the strata are not always in the proposed order in certain parts of the world.

What about the missing evolutionary links? Where are they? Darwin was concerned by this but he believed that when the fossil record was further explored that these missing links would be found. Well we have thoroughly explored the fossil record and the missing links have not been found. This is a serious blow for evolution because the necessary evidence for it is completely missing.

Section 19
Why is there coal at the South Pole?

The coal at the South Pole could be due to a tectonic plate shift. If so, there would need to have been a much milder climate near the South Pole at some time in the past. Mammoths at one time lived at the North Pole. Why have woolly mammoths been found frozen with food still in their mouths as though eating? This implies almost instantaneous freezing.

What are the likely causes of producing coal? We’re talking about large amounts of horizontal dead trees and the absence of air. One possible scenario is that similar to the flood in Genesis. The whole subject of fossil fuels: gas, oil, coal etc is fraught with the difficulties of how they were produced by slow natural processes. There are vast quantities of Natural Gas and Oil. Just look at petrol consumption. Thousands of barrels of oil are recovered from the depths of the earth each day. These are not being replaced by natural processes. All these things need rapid air free burial under pressure to form.

HUMAN EVOLUTION?
Section 20
Could a single cell become a human?

The idea is that something as complex chemically, organ wise etc as a human being could develop by accident out of the constituent chemicals of a single cell is absurd even if we factor in vast time periods. Why do only humans make love face to face? This is indicative of design for a relationship. What about communication and the five senses? E.g. Body language, verbal and non­verbal communication.

Are humans really ‘highly evolved’? If so, why do we need clothes? Why do we need to cook our foods? Why do we have vulnerable, helpless babies?

 
Section 21
Why did we evolve emotions?

Why did we evolve emotions? Pain, pleasure, happiness etc are not helpful in an empirical sense for an organism, its reproduction and survival. To survive it would make sense to have little or no emotions so that we could reproduce prolifically. As it is we do have emotions and we have a conscience. There is no evolutionary need or reason for these. 

Section 22
Why are we here?

The Anthropic principle says because the situation is right we are here. I.e. we wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t right. This infers it could have happened by chance. True. The whole universe must have happened by chance or by design of a higher power such as God. The case for chance is not entirely scientific although it obviously appeals to those who don’t want to believe in God. It is unscientific, basically because our expanding universe is ordered and we observe eg gas clouds becoming more ordered star systems. According to physics disorder (entropy) increases with time. Therefore the disorder produced by a big bang should have caused disorder and subject to the laws of physics should never have produced ordered star systems without intelligent intervention. Have you ever seen the results of an explosion? Terribly disordered! Of course according to big bang theory there are other factors such as large masses and gravity effects etc. But it’s still a bit puzzling. The only thing which holds back chaos is intelligent intervention.

Section 23

Why do different ethnic groups have the same blood types?

This is unlikely if they evolved separately or independently. They can also interbreed.

This infers the same origin and ancestry.

Maybe at Babel God confused the races as well as language or created diversity within genes. Mitochondrial DNA suggests all humans have the same female ancestor.

Section 24

Why religion?

Why religion? Some evolutionists think this occurs because it has good social and stress relieving benefits. How does a person know this and get their DNA to program this in? Could it be that we are designed to worship?

Section 25

Why morals?

Why, if the goal of species and organisms is to spread their genes as widely as possible is it clearly wrong to do so for humans? To take evolution at face value would be to condone adulterous behaviour and maybe even rape.

People like Hitler and the Japanese in the Second World War practiced their own version of natural selection. Indeed, because the Japanese had less facial hair they thought they were more evolved than westerners and treated them as sub-humans. Evolution fuels racism and prejudice.

Section 26

Why do we age

If evolution really happens, surely it would result in the benefit of organisms living longer and longer so they could store up more modifications ,  pass them on and pass on their genes longer. We don’t see this. As it is, organisms don’t improve with time, they all age and die.

Aging seems pre-programmed into every organisms DNA.

We are told that ‘Nature’ has programmed in our instinct to survive with first priority and the instinct to reproduce second. Why then did ‘Nature’ not make us evolve so we would not age? Perhaps so we would not over populate the planet. The problem is we are now getting to the point that this ‘Nature’ is more intelligent and far seeing than man. We must either believe this just happened or Nature has influenced it etc. If we are honest, this takes much more faith than a belief in God.

But why do people still believe in evolution and Nature? As at the initial rebellion told in Genesis, man wants to be his own god and wants to pretend there is no God or use all his means to rationalise God out of the picture.

 CONCLUSIONS

To believe Evolution is to have a similar faith to believing in God, except believing in a theory. Theories are not fact because they can’t be proved. They are only good provided they explain the facts and until a better theory comes along.

As I hope you have seen, Evolution is part of a belief system, not a science, so it is really a faith religion. This is where it fails to be science, because the answers are already believed and any observations are coloured by this and squeezed into the mould in an attempt to substantiate pre-conceived beliefs.

It disturbs me that this theory is taught widely as fact, without a shred of factual evidence. On the contrary, there are many questions that deserve an answer.

I hope these questions and arguments have given you cause to think seriously about the claims of evolution. People are loathe to change but I hope you will think about these things with an open mind.

Evolution is a flight of fancy, a self-delusion of those who will not honestly face the facts, those who on grounds of belief and philosophy will not believe in God.

To believe in God, they realise, is to be accountable. They think that by pretending they can avoid that. We are all accountable to God and will face His judgment. God, however, being a redeemer, loving and merciful, as well as just, has revealed Himself in many ways and ultimately in His Son, Jesus. Like Evolution He can’t empirically be proved. However, God can be known by faith in Jesus. Millions around the world today testify to that relationship. So who is deluded? The Christians of the Evolutionists? I leave you to choose.

A Marco Patitucci Original. Copyright 2009. Shirt provided by Capra Clothing. LYRICS You say Im a great catch, Ive heard that song before. It doesnt mean much, experience tells me so. Here in the real world, its a slap across the face. When you say some girl, will be lucky someday. You ask if well ever be the same, these fences do need mending. But you dont realize all this time you were so condescending. While Im sinking to the bottom of this fishing hole, You want a great catch? Grab a pole. You say Im a great guy, just not the one you want. But Ive got a bad side, and believe me its no front. You tell youre sorry, you say youll take the fault. Still you dont realize, the damage that youve caused. You ask if well ever be the same, these fences do need mending. But you dont realize all this time you were so condescending. While Im sinking to the bottom of this fishing hole, You want a great catch? Grab a pole. You ask if well ever be the same, these fences do need mending. But you dont realize all this time you were so condescending. While Im sinking to the bottom of this fishing hole, You want a great catch? Grab a pole.
Video Rating: 5 / 5

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Crappie Fishing Basic Gear

There are some bare essentials that every crappie fisher needs: pole, reel (although truly optional I think you will want one), fishing line and a hook. I hope those are somewhat obvious but let us look at the basics first. Crappie poles are generally long, slender poles reaching lengths of 18 feet or longer. I do not recommend a super long pole for someone that is just getting started or not ready for them. Longer poles have their advantages such as reaching into tight areas and also extending your reach from a central point. This is an advantage when employing a technique called spider fishing, using varying length poles you can create a blanket of hooks, often in a semi-circular pattern.

Longer, and often more slender, poles provide amplified sensitivity as well. Most crappie specific poles would be poor poles for catching catfish or large carp. When choosing a pole consider your application such as how are you planning on casting. Long poles work for just dropping a line in the water but slightly shorter poles will help you when bait casting.

If you have a good idea of what you want for a pole you will now need a reel. There are as many reels to chose from as there are crappies, not really but almost. There are three main components of a reel those are a barrel, crank and a guide or eye. There are two types of spinning reels, an open face and closed, these are easily distinguished. If you can see where the line is stored it is open faced if you cannot it is closed faced. Both types also vary greatly in operation, one you must flip the bail back while holding the line and the other uses a simple push button on the back of the reel which is loosely egg shaped. I like the first one because you can see what is happening with your line and the general feel is better. The later is very popular with kids and the very casual fisher.

There are two more types of reels, a bait caster and the fly reel. The later is not extremely popular with crappie fishers but should not be excluded especially in the spring where fly fishing can be a great weapon in your armory. The first reel has been around in some form for hundreds of years and is very popular with bass fishers and for good reason. Theses reels are easy to recognize as they are the only ones where the axis of the barrel, the part that holds the line, is perpendicular to the pole where all others are parallel to the pole like a spinning reel.

Of course there is an exception with the fly reel but the size of the barrel often gives it away. The bait casting reel gives the user the greatest control over the feed of the line and is also one of the most difficult to master. Simple answer for this is pick a reel you can use and become familiar with all of its various adjustments as I’m sure there will be many such as brakes and clutches.

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Avoid the Perils of Buying Second-hand Sea Fishing Tackle

Buying second-hand is a good alternative when you cannot afford brand new sea fishing tackle. But you should buy only from reliable sources and check the gear before you buy them.

A fisherman is only as good as his tackle, and so, if you plan on fishing out there at sea, you should only get the best sea fishing tackle for use when you pursue the sport. Treat your purchase of your sea fishing tackle as an investment, and it will greatly enhance your angling experience.

Unfortunately, good sea fishing tackle is not as cheap as we would like it to be, given the worsening economic conditions all over the world and the soaring prices that come along with it, including the cost of fishing gear. People who cannot afford brand new sea fishing tackle will have to go with second-hand ones that fit their budget.

Here is where the trouble begins: many inexperienced fishermen end up getting bad fishing gear or paying more than they should when buying second-hand. The case is always that they just took the word of the seller at face value and did not check the condition of the gear for themselves. Goodness knows how many conmen are out there looking for easy marks, and possible marks always include newbie anglers without a clue as to what kind of sea fishing tackle they ought to get.

Thus, if you are buying second-hand fishing equipment, always make sure to check the condition and the quality of the tackle itself. Let us take for example a second-hand fishing rod. A good fishing rod, whether it is brand new or previously used, will have a balanced feel in your hands, and it is a balance that should not be lost when you begin using it as you go sea fishing. Cracks on the rod and corrosion on the plates of the reel and on the spool will cause the fishing rod to lose its balance.

So, when buying second-hand sea fishing tackle, look out for nicks and cracks on the rod itself. It is easy to check the rod for damage – just run your fingers along its length and feel for nicks and cracks with your own skin.

Reels, on the other hand, are much trickier. You have to check the outer plating of the reels as well as the inside. Sea water is corrosive, and a good fisherman will always wash his reels with warm tap water after using them. Many modern fishing reels are made from carbon composites that resist corroding, but then again, you would never know if the reels are not corroded if you would not check them thoroughly. Check the outer plate and have the seller dismantle the reel so you could have a look at the inside. If the gears inside look rusty or worn out but the plates are still good, you can get the reel and just replace the gear.

The rule of thumb in buying second-hand sea fishing tackle is to buy them only from sources you find reliable, like an acquaintance who has quit fishing or the second-hand shelves of a fishing retailer. Also, always check the condition of the sea fishing tackle before taking out your wallet.

Asta B was coming in to Grindavik for a quick stop before going to Norway. Was a bit rough sea. There are reefs on each side of her.
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